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I.まえがき
精神薄弱児,あるいはもつと広く,精神遅滞児の行動の改善を目的として医学的に治療することは一般に非常に困難である。このような試みは,Zimmermanら15)のグルタミン酸による治療の報告以来,いく種類かの薬について行なわれているが,これらの報告は,方法論についての吟味が十分でない。ここで報告する臨床実験は,方法論の検討を行なつて,客観的なデータを得ることができるというみこみをもつてはじめられたものである。
この実験に使つた方法論を要約すれば,第1に遺伝子型が同一である1卵性のふたこのひとりを被験者とし,その相手を対照とする双生児比較研究法(co-twin control)を使つたこと,第2に二重盲検法を使つたこと,第3に各実験者が独立に検査結果を評価したこと,第4に測定値について統計的検定を行なつたことである。このうち双生児比較研究法については少し説明の必要があろう。
Non-selected, six pairs of monozygotic twins, report-ed being inferior in intelligence test at schools (three male and three female pairs, age 8:11-12:1), were periodically examined for two years. One twin of each pair was given bovine brain hydrate, while the other twin was given placebo by double blind method for one year. Next year all subjects were given placebo. Drug-administrated group showed: significant increases of I.Q., Social Ability Quotient and achievement of a school subject; possible inhibition of hyperkinesis; pro-bable inhibition of the development of whole body; significant decrease of haemoglobin index. Comparison of each drug-administrated subject to its co-twin or to all control subjects showed the administration resulted in:increase of activity in four subjects and decrease in two; improvement of sociability in three; improvement of various school subjects in four; inhibition of the development of motor ability in two; improvement of EEG retardation in two and inhibition in one; increase of head measurements in two. Three exogenous mild mental retardations showed more or less marked impro-vement of behavior, accompanied by EEG improvement except one and by increase of head measurements except another one. Subcultural mental deficiencies (moron) and subclinical epileptic with mild mental retardation showed no change.
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