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Brain and Nerve No to Shinkei Volume 55, Issue 4 （April 2003）

Brain and Nerve 脳と神経 55巻4号（2003年4月発行）

Japanese English

原著

パーキンソン病のworking memoryにおける加齢の影響 Age-related Working Memory Decline in Patients with Parkinson's Disease 田村至 ¹ , 菊地誠志 ² , 北川まゆみ ³ , 大槻美佳 ⁴ , 田代邦雄 ² Itaru Tamura ¹ , Seiji Kikuchi ² , Mayumi Kitagawa ³ , Mika Otsuki ⁴ , Kunio Tashiro ² ¹北海道医療大学心理科学部言語聴覚療法学科 ²北海道大学大学院医学研究科脳科学専攻神経病態学講座神経内科学分野 ³札幌麻生脳神経外科病院神経内科 ⁴国立循環器病センター内科脳血管部門 ¹Department of Communivetion Disorders, School of Psychological Science, Health Sciencecs University of Hokkaido ²Department pf Neurology, Hokkaido Unibersity Graduate School of Medicine ³Department of Neurology, Sapporo Asabu Neurosurgical Hospital ⁴Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center キーワード： Parkinson's disease , aging , working memory , mental calculation , digit backward span Keyword: Parkinson's disease , aging , working memory , mental calculation , digit backward span pp.335-340

発行日 2003年4月1日 Published Date 2003/4/1

DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1406100470

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Abstract 文献概要
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要旨　目的：パーキンソン病（PD）において加齢がworking memory（WM）に及ぼす影響を検討した。方法：PD老年群，若年群各11例，健常老年群，若年群各11例でWM課題として暗算，逆唱，短期記憶課題として数唱，visual memory spanを施行した。結果：両群とも数唱，visual memory spanでは，加齢の影響はみられなかった。PD群では，若年より暗算，逆唱の低下が認められ，加齢により暗算のみに有意な低下がみられた。対照的に健常群では，暗算よりも難易度の高い逆唱に加齢による有意な低下が認められた。結語：PDと健常群では中央実行系の加齢による機能低下に異なる傾向がみられた。健常群では，中央実行系の機能低下により課題の難易度に応じたWMの低下がみられたが，PD群では疾患要因の関与により中央実行系の機能低下が，課題の難易度よりも情報処理過程と関連していることが示唆された。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the age-related working memory（WM） decline in patients with Parkinson's disease（PD） using Baddeley's WM model. This model consists of the central executive（CE） and two slave systems, the phonological loop（PL） for the storage of verbal materials, and the visuospatial sketchpad（VSSP） for the storage of visuo-spatial information.

　The participants of this study were 22 PD, 11 old（age of 68～78, mean age, 70.5） and age of onset, duration of illness, medication time, and Yahr stage, global cognitive status-matched 11 young（age of 39～58, mean age, 51.5） PD, age- and educational years, global cognitive status-matched 22 normal control（NC）, 11 old（age of 65～78, mean age, 70.4） and 11 young（age of 45～57, mean age, 52.4）. Mental calculation span of digit sequences, digit forward and backward span, visual memory span were carried out.

　Age related decline of WM was found in both groups, but processing related differences were revealed between the two groups. NC group showed significant decline with aging in digit backward span. In contrast, in mental calculation span, PD groups showed significant deficit revealed in young PD group and declined significantly with aging and significant decline was not found in digit backward span. In term of the processing and difficulty of WM tasks, digit backward span that needs maintenance of digit sequences and re-ordering, was more difficult than mental calculation that needs maintenance of digit sequences, summation of the digit and updating of the results. There were not significant differences between four groups in digit forward span, visual memory span.

　The results indicated that the WM span in normal aging declined as task difficulty increased. Their performance decline may be caused by the CE dysfunction. On the other hand, PD showed a characteristic CE deficit observed in mental calculation even in young age and decline with aging. Such decline may be caused by peculiar processing related dysfunction of CE that assumes to be essential deficit of PD.