口腔・咽喉頭領域における非腫瘍性病変の内視鏡的特徴—内視鏡医の立場から

Endoscopic Findings of Non-neoplastic Lesions in the Oral and Oro-hypopharyngeal Region

要旨●消化管内視鏡を用いた口腔・咽喉頭観察の重要性が広く認知されるようになり，腫瘍性病変を早期発見する機会が増加している．一方で，口腔・咽喉頭領域には細菌・ウイルス・真菌による感染症，Crohn病や潰瘍性大腸炎などの炎症性腸疾患，Behçet病などの全身性自己免疫性疾患，天庖瘡や類天疱瘡などの皮膚粘膜疾患といった，種々の原因による粘膜病変が生じる．また，癌との鑑別に苦慮する炎症性変化や上皮の菲薄化などの非腫瘍性病変，色調変化を来す腫瘍様病変を少なからず経験する．本稿では，口腔・咽喉頭領域における非腫瘍性病変および腫瘍様病変の内視鏡的，病理組織学的特徴について概説した．

　Oro-laryngo-pharyngeal inspection via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has widely gained importance ; thus, opportunities for early detection of neoplastic lesions are increasing. Conversely, in the oral and laryngeal region, bacterial, viral, and fungal infections ; inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis ; systemic autoimmune diseases such as Behçet's disease ; and mucosal lesions occur due to various causes such as cutaneous and mucosal diseases such as pemphigus and pemphigoid. Additionally, inflammatory changes that render neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions difficult to distinguish are often encountered, such as thinning of the epithelium and color tone changes. In this article, the endoscopic and histopathological features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the oro-laryngo-pharyngeal regions are reviewed.