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要旨 HTLV-1(human T-cell leukemia virus type1)関連疾患には,腫瘍性のATLL(adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma)や非腫瘍性のHAM(HTLV-1-associated myelopathy)などがあるが,消化管病変が検索されているのはATLLでのみである.HTLV-1感染についての臨床情報があれば,ATLLの消化管病変の病理診断は難しいものではないが,免疫染色のほかに,切片から抽出したDNAでのPCR(polymerase chain reaction)解析が必要な例もある.ATLLの剖検例における消化管病変の多くは,多臓器浸潤の部分病変と考えられる.HTLV-1キャリアーにおける消化管病変の生検で,消化管原発のATLLの存在とintermediate stateでの消化管病変の有無はいまだ明らかにされていない.HTLV-1キャリアーの消化管病変の検索では,病変でのHTLV-1感染細胞の免疫組織学的検出や,HTLV-1 p40Tax(Tax)やTaxの影響で誘導される細胞周期調節転写因子E2Fの検索が今後必要になると思われる.Wotherspoonらは,immunocompromised hostにおける胃リンパ腫の研究で,高悪性度MALTリンパ腫(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma)ではEpstein-Barr virusの関係した症例が認められると報告している.したがって,今後,HTLV-1キャリアーにおけるMALTリンパ腫の発病に,HTLV-1感染によるimmunocompromised hostとしての免疫学的微小環境が影響しているか否かを検索する必要があると考えられる.
Among human T-cell leukemia virus type 1(HTLV-1) -related diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) lesions have been studied only in ATLL. When the clinical information of HTLV-1 infection is given, the diagnosis of ATLL in the GI tract is easily made through immunohistochemical examination. But for the diagnosis of some other lymphoproliferative lesions in the GI tract polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA extracted from the sections is necessary. Based on autopsy ases, most ATLL lesions in the GI-tract are thought to be a part of multiple organ involvement. It has not yet been clarified whether there is primary ATLL in the GI tract or whether there are HTLV-1 lymphoproliferative lesions in the GI tract of HTLV-1 carriers or in the intermediate state of HTLV-1 infection. The immunohistochemical detection of HTLV-1 Tax (Tax) and Tax-induced induction of intranuclear regulating factor E2F will provide further evidence for the oncogenesis of ATLL. Because Wotherspoon et al reported that high grade MALT type lymphomas in the immunocompromised hosts were related to EpsteinBarr virus, MALT type lymphomas in HTLV-1 carriers must be studied in order to see the effects of HTLV-1 infection on the immunological microenvironment in cases of MALT type lymphoma.
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