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要旨●印環細胞癌は胃癌の中では遺伝子異常の比較的少ない組織型であるが,いくつかの特徴的な遺伝子異常が知られ,大きく3つの群に分けられる.1つ目はCDH1のDNAメチル化や遺伝子変異により細胞間接着因子E-cadherinの発現が低下する群で,CDH1の胚細胞系列変異を原因とする遺伝性びまん型胃癌も含まれる.2つ目はRHOA変異やCLDN18::ARHGAPs融合遺伝子をドライバーとしRhoシグナル伝達経路に異常が生じる腫瘍で,分化型胃癌から変化して発生することも多く,一部はいわゆる手つなぎ型胃癌から発生する.3つ目は,ドライバーとなるゲノム異常が明らかになっていない群であり,びまん型胃癌の約半分弱を占める.印環細胞癌ではHER2陽性率が低い一方,CLDN18やFGFR2bの発現が一定頻度で認められ,治療標的として期待される.腫瘍免疫微小環境の解析では腫瘍免疫が抑制されている傾向があり,免疫療法の効果は期待しにくい可能性がある.
Signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCCs), although genomically stable, exhibit several distinct genomic alterations. SRCC can be categorized into three groups based on distinct genetic alterations. The first group comprises tumors characterized by reduced E-cadherin expression resulting from CDH1 gene mutations or promoter DNA methylation. Germline pathogenic variants in this gene cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. The second group includes tumors harboring pathogenic variants in RHOA or CLDN18::ARHGAPs fusion genes, leading to dysregulation of Rho signaling pathways. These tumors often originate from tubular adenocarcinoma, including crawling-type gastric adenocarcinomas. In the third group, driver genomic alterations have not yet been identified. CLDN18 and FGFR2b are frequently expressed in SRCC, making them promising targets for molecular therapy. Regarding the tumor immune microenvironment, tumor immunity is often suppressed in SRCCs, suggesting limited efficacy of immunotherapy.

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