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要約 目的:ミエリンオリゴ糖蛋白質抗体関連疾患(MOGAD)は,2023年に診断基準が確立した新たな中枢神経系の炎症疾患である。その経過中に約80%が視神経炎を呈し,再発を繰り返すことが知られている。今回筆者らはMOGADの2症例を経験したので報告する。
症例:症例1は右視神経炎の既往がある24歳,男性。右眼球運動時痛と視力低下を主訴に焼津市立総合病院眼科(当科)を初診した。初診時視力は右(0.06),左(1.0)。Humphrey視野検査(HFA)でのmean deviation(MD)値は右眼 −27.98dB,左眼 −1.45dBであった。症例2は46歳,男性。3週間前からの両眼球運動時痛,左視力低下を主訴に当科を初診した。初診時視力は右(1.0),左(0.15)。HFA MD値は右 −26.98dB,左 −31.80dBであった。
所見:2症例とも血液検査にてMOG抗体陽性,アクアポリン4抗体陰性であり,MOGADと診断された。症例1はステロイドパルス療法(IVMP)後に再発したため,血漿交換療法を行ったところ改善した。現在に至るまで再発はない。最終視力は左右ともに(1.0),MD値は右 −4.09dB,左 −1.13dBであった。症例2はIVMPにて改善したが再発し,IVMPおよび免疫グロブリン大量静注療法にて改善した。半年後に再発し,IVMPおよび血漿交換療法を施行した。最終視力は左右ともに(1.0),MD値は右 −7.86dB,左 −23.28dBであった。
結論:MOGADのステロイドに対する治療反応性は良い。しかし,再発を繰り返しやすく,ステロイド反応不良例の治療法は確立されていない。
Abstract Purpose:Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases(MOGAD) are new inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system for which diagnostic criteria were established in 2023. Optic neuritis occurs 80% of the cases, and recurs repeatedly. We report two cases of MOGAD.
Case:Case 1 is a 24-year-old male. He had a history of right optic neuritis. He presented to our hospital with pain during right eye movement and decreased of visual acuity. At the initial examination, the visual acuity was 0.06 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. The Mean Deviation(MD) values of the Humphrey Field Analyzer(HFA) were −27.98 dB in the right eye and −1.45 dB in the left eye. Case 2 is a 46-year-old male. He presented to our hospital with chief eye movement pain and decreased visual acuity in the right eye since three weeks before. The MD values were −26.89 dB in the right eye and −31.98 dB in the left eye.
Procedure:Both patients was positive for anti-MOG antibodies and negative for AQP4 antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with MOGAD. Case 1 relapsed after intravenous methylprednisolone(IVMP), and was treated with plasmapheresis. The patient did not experience recurrence. The final visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. The MD values was −4.09 dB in the right eye and −1.13 dB in the left. The patient in case 2 improved with IVMP. The patient relapsed and improved after IVMP and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Six months later, the patient experienced relapse again and underwent IVMP and plasmapheresis. Final visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye, with HVF MD values of −8.55 dB in the right eye and −22.1 dB in the left eyes.
Conclusion:Patients with MOGAD responded well to steroids. However, Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive optic neuritis(MOGON) is prone to recurrence, and treatment of patients with a poor response with steroids has not been established.

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