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要約 目的:千葉市立青葉病院眼科において5年間にエタンブトール視神経症(EBON)を発症した症例について検証した。
対象と方法:2019年3月〜2024年3月に,EBONの精査のため当院に紹介された14症例の結核および非結核性抗酸菌症(肺MAC症)患者の診療録を後ろ向きに検討した。14例中3例がEBONを発症していたため,その3例の臨床所見および眼科検査所見について,EBONを発症しなかった症例と比較検討した。
結果:発症群:非発症群の平均年齢は71.7±6.6:66.2±10.3歳,体重当たりのEB投与量は18.6±0.6:14.7±1.7mg/kg,1か月当たりの網膜神経線維層厚の菲薄化は−0.52±0.16:0.01±0.1μm/月であった。EBONを発症した3例のうち,視力が0.4以上回復した症例が2例であったが,回復しなかった症例はEB終了37か月後に原疾患で死亡した。回復した2例では0.4以上の視力回復を得るのにそれぞれ13か月および39か月を要した。
結論:EBON発症群は体重当たりのEB投与量が多く,神経線維層厚の菲薄化がみられた。EB投与期間の長い肺MAC症患者では視力回復に時間がかかる傾向がみられた。
Abstract Purpose:To review the medical records of patients who presented to the Chiba Municipal Aoba Hospital with ethambutol optic neuropathy(EBON) between March 2019 and March 2024.
Patients and Methods:The medical records of 14 patients with or without EBON who were prescribed EB for tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC) at the Chiba Municipal Hospital between March 2019 and March 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and ophthalmological findings of three patients who developed EBON were compared with those of the patients who did not. Statistical analyses were conducted.
Results:The average age in the EBON and no-EBON groups was 71.7±6.6 and 66.2±10.3, respectively. The total dose of EB in the EBON and no-EBON groups was 18.6±0.6 and 14.7±1.7 mg/kg, respectively. The thinning ratios of the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness in the EBON and no-EBON groups were −0.52±0.16 and 0.01±0.1 μm/month, respectively. Recovery of visual acuity to 0.4 was observed in two of the three patients with EBON(time to recovery 13 and 39 months);one patient who exhibited no improvement in visual acuity died of MAC 37 months after discontinuing EB therapy.
Conclusions:EB overdose can lead to EBON and thinning of the RNFL. Cessation of EB therapy may help patients with MAC recover visual acuity.

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