JICA海外協力隊の作業療法の要請傾向

Trends in occupational therapy requests among JICA Overseas Cooperation Volunteers

要旨：本研究の目的は，JICA海外協力隊作業療法士の要請案件の傾向を分析し，ニーズと役割を明らかにすることである．2021年〜2023年の93件の一般案件を対象に，KH Coderを用いて頻出語リスト，多次元尺度構成法，共起ネットワーク分析を実施した．結果，地域別ではアジアと中南米が約80％を占め，発達領域と身体領域が全体の80％以上を占めていた．発達領域では特別支援教育と早期療育を軸とした地域支援，身体領域では神経系疾患への介入が重要であった．これらの支援を効果的かつ持続可能にするためには，適正技術を基盤とした人材育成とツイントラックアプローチを活用した啓発活動が必要であることが示唆された．

　The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in the demand for occupational therapists in the JICA Overseas Cooperation Volunteers program and to clarify their needs and roles. A total of 93 general cases from 2021 to 2023 were analyzed using KH Coder to generate frequency word lists, multidimensional scaling, and co-occurrence network analyses. The results revealed that approximately 80% of the cases were concentrated in Asia and Latin America, with over 80% focusing on the developmental and physical domains. In the developmental domain, regional support centered on special needs education and early intervention was highlighted, while interventions for neurological disorders were prioritized in the physical domain. To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of these supports, capacity building based on appropriate technology and awareness-raising activities utilizing the Twin-Track Approach were suggested.