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Basics for initial diagnosis and treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding Taiji Akamatsu 1 , Kazuhisa Shimodaira 2 , Masayuki Miyajima 2 , Hiroyuki Uehara 2 , Naoto Nakano 2 , Minoru Kibata 3 1Endoscopy Center, Nagano Prefectural Shinshu Medical Center, Nagano, Japan 2Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Nagano Prefectural Shinshu Medical Center, Nagano, Japan 3Department of General Medicine, Nagano Prefectural Shinshu Medical Center, Nagano, Japan Keyword: acute gastrointestinal bleeding , primary care , vital signs pp.417-422
Published Date 2023/4/25
DOI https://doi.org/10.24479/endo.0000000695
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 Hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia are three major symptoms of acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB). Some medical staff members confuse “melena” with “hematochezia” ; however, we should identify them correctly. When we encounter patients with AGIB, we should first examine their vital signs (VS) and administer an intravenous drip injection using an indwelling needle. After that, the extent of serious AGIB symptoms should be assessed as mild (including normal), medium, or severe based on vital signs and conducting an adequate medical interview is essential. According to the degree of serious symptoms of AGIB and the patient’s response to an injection and/or blood transfusion, we should determine the best time to identify the cause of AGIB and treat it if necessary. CT examination with a contrast medium is useful for determining whether active bleeding is taking place, and for finding the bleeding point.

 The purpose of treatment for AGIB is not just stopping the bleeding using endoscopy, but saving the lives of patients with AGIB.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0915-3217 東京医学社

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