学校給食と骨量

Milk, Daily products and Bone health. Effects of School Lunch Programs on Bone Mass.

　学校給食は，児童・生徒に適切な栄養の摂取ができる食事として提供されているだけでなく，生きた教材としても期待されている。本稿では，学校給食と骨量及び牛乳・乳製品の摂取習慣の関係について紹介する。学校給食の給食形態別（完全給食，ミルク給食，給食未実施）で骨量測定の結果を見ると，小・中年生共に完全給食群で踵骨骨量が高いことから，完全給食の実施が踵骨骨量に良好な結果をもたらすことがわかる。さらに，給食以外の牛乳・乳製品の摂取習慣で，小・中学生いずれにおいても完全給食群の「毎日食べる」割合が高いことは，将来的に学校給食の提供がなくなる高校生以降においての牛乳・乳製品摂取の習慣化にもつながることが期待される。

　In Japan, school lunches are provided to elementary and secondary student, not only for ensuring the intake of well-balanced and nutritious meal, but also hoping to improve their dietary habits. In this article, the authors review the effects of a school lunch program on the bone mass and dietary habits. The school lunch program was divided into 3 groups：a group provided with a complete school lunch, a group provided with only milk supplements, and a group provided with no supplement. The calcaneal bone mass was significantly higher in both primary and the junior high-school students given complete lunches compared with that in the other groups. Moreover, the intake of milk and milk products besides school lunches was more frequent in the groups that received complete lunches. The results suggest that the school lunch program, particularly that providing complete lunches, contributed to increasing the bone mass and improving the dietary habits.