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放射線による心臓不整脈治療は,カテーテルアブレーション(catheter ablation:CA)の無効,あるいは困難な患者の新たな非侵襲的治療としての可能性が注目されている。名称としてはcardiac radio-ablation(CRA),stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation(STAR)などのアブレーション(焼灼)として規定されることもあるが,それとは別の機序も考えられている。放射線腫瘍医として,多少独断的な解釈もあるが,本稿では本治療の最近の知見の要点について述べる。
Stereotactic arrhythmia radiotherapy has recently emerged as a novel noninvasive therapeutic option for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia(VT). Although originally thought to function similarly to catheter ablation(CA)by creating conduction blocks through fibrotic scar, increasing evidence suggests that this may exert antiarrhythmic effects through alternative mechanisms. Ongoing prospective clinical trials such as RAVENTA and RADIATE-VT are evaluating the safety and efficacy of arrhythmia radiotherapy, with preliminary results suggesting favorable outcomes in selected patients. Notably, arrhythmia radiotherapy appears particularly promising for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, where CA outcomes are often suboptimal. Future studies focusing on mechanistic insights and precise target selection are essential to optimize outcomes and expand indications, including atrial fibrillation.

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