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経腸栄養の有効性は高く評価されており,集中治療室(ICU)入室後は24~48時間以内に経腸栄養を開始することが推奨されている1~5).その理由は,長期絶食により腸管粘膜が萎縮し,腸内細菌が粘膜上皮を越えて体内に移行して感染を引き起こすこと(バクテリアルトランスロケーション),炎症性サイトカインの産生による全身の炎症や,臓器不全を引き起こすことなどがあげられる.腸粘膜の萎縮は侵襲および絶食後数時間で生じるので,早期の経腸栄養開始が感染症や臓器不全を低減し,患者の予後改善に寄与するとされている6).早期経腸栄養の主な禁忌例は消化管の機能障害であり,昇圧薬投与中でも血行動態が安定していれば投与が推奨されている4).
Purpose:The nutrition support team at our hospital introduced a flowchart to ensure smooth initiation of early enteral nutrition after open heart surgery. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of early enteral nutrition using the flowchart.
Methods:We examined 240 patients who had undergone cardiovascular surgery between November 2013 and September 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups for comparison;the flowchart intervention group (n=120) and the non-intervention group (n=120).
Results:The postoperative enteral nutrition in the intervention and the non-intervention groups was begun at 28.3 (23.2~40.5) hours and 37.0 (26.7~44.9) hours (p=0.04), respectively. There was no difference in the length of intensive care unit stay or postoperative infection rate. However, the length of hospital stay was prolonged in the intervention group (11.0 days versus 9.0 days;p<0.01). The rate of gastrointestinal complication was also comparable (28% versus 21%;p=0.23).
Conclusion:Our study suggests that early enteral nutrition may be safely promoted by introducing the flowchart in patients who have undergone open heart surgery. Further investigation is needed to clarify the effectiveness.
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