助産師のキャリア開発意識に関する研究

Study on Career Development of Midwives

目的

　助産師のキャリア開発意識の実態を把握し、キャリア開発の支援の方向性を検討する。

対象と方法

　分娩を取り扱うA県内の病院、診療所の看護管理者に依頼し21名の助産師を対象にフォーカス・グループ・インタビュー法を用い質的に分析した。フォーカス・グループ・インタビューは、2グループに分けて1グループ10〜11名で1回約100分を要した。分析は、逐語録から、キャリア開発に関連する内容を抽出、コーデイング、カテゴリー化した。インタビュー終了3ヶ月後にフォローアップ調査を行ない、キャリア開発に対する考えの変化を郵送で回答を得た。倫理的配慮として、インタビューにあたり、承諾を得た上で会話を録音した。逐語録の作成については、プライバシー、匿名性を保証し、参加の同意を文書で得た。

結果

　フォーカス・グループ・インタビューを行った結果、対象の助産業務経験年数は11.8年（中央値）で、キャリア開発に関する継続した教育経験はなかった。キャリア開発の現状では、「過去の自分」「キャリアに対する今の思い」「キャリアを積み上げる」「職業に対する誇り」「助産師としての将来」「先輩の存在」「組織・管理者の支援」の7つのカテゴリーが抽出された。

　フォローアップ調査の結果16名（76.2％）から回答があり、インタビューにより価値観を共有する機会になったとし、考えの変化がみられた。

結論

　助産師のキャリア開発には、アイデンティティ、仕事に誇りをもち将来像を描く個人の意識が必要で、経験年数により違いがあり、先輩の存在、職場環境が影響を与えており、個別に長期のサポートが必要である。フォーカス・グループ・インタビューへの参加がキャリア開発意識に影響を与えていた。

Purpose

To understand the reality of the career developing awareness of midwives and to consider the direction of the career support development.

Subjects and methods

We conducted an analytical study qualitatively using the focus group method with 21 midwives in coordination with the nursing administrator of delivery caring hospitals and clinics in A prefecture. The focus group interviewing was done in two groups consisting of 10 or 11 subjects in a group and took approximately 100 minutes once. In our analysis, the contents associated with the career development from narrative records were extracted, categorized, and coded. As for the validity of categories, it has been supervised by the group interviewing specialists. The follow-up research was conducted 3 months after the interview finished to obtain the change of attitude toward the career development through responses by mail. Narratives at interviewing were recorded with permission for ethical consideration.

As for preparation of narrative records, privacy and anonymity were guaranteed and consent to participation was obtained in writing. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing Research Center.

Results

As a result of the focus group interview, years of experience in midwifery practice of subjects were 11.8 years (median) without continued educational experience on the career development.

As the present circumstances of the career development, seven categories were extracted; "own history", "present attitude toward career", "career up", "pride for profession", "future as midwife", "existence of senior", and "support of organization and superintendent".

As a result of the follow-up research, responded from 16 subjects (76.2%) the change of attitude was found as they stated that it was an opportunity to share sense of values through interviewing.

Conclusions

In the career development of midwives, having identity and pride for profession, and individual awareness for future vision are needed and long-term support individually is necessary as differentiating by years of experience and affected by existence of senior and work environment. Participation in the focus group interview has affected the career development awareness.