地域高齢者の虐待を早期に把握するための民生委員用高齢者虐待チェックリストの開発

Development of a Checklist for Welfare Commissioners to Identify Early Signs of Elder Abuse in Communities

抄録

　本研究の目的は，地域高齢者の虐待を早期に把握するため，民生委員が使用する高齢者虐待チェックリストを開発することである．先行文献から虐待サインの項目を精選したチェックリスト案をA県B町の民生委員48人に配布し，内容妥当性を確認した．次に，A県C市の虐待担当部署の地域包括支援センターおよび保健センター専門職108人を対象に郵送法による質問紙調査を行い，信頼性・妥当性を検討した．探索的因子分析の結果，【家族介護力の低下】【高齢者の生活行動が不自然】【本人の訴え】【所在の不確定】の4因子から構成され，全体のCronbach α係数が0.897となり，信頼性が確認された．構成概念妥当性をみるため確認的因子分析を行い，モデルの適合度はGFI＝0.917，AGFI＝0.884，CFI＝0.934，RMSEA＝0.058であった．民生委員用高齢者虐待チェックリストは19項目からなり，虐待の予兆を把握し，専門職へのつなぎの情報ツールとしての活用が可能である．

　To develop a checklist for welfare commissioners to identify early signs of abuse of community-dwelling elderly, a draft checklist was created with such signs extracted from the literature, and its content validity was confirmed by distributing it to 48 welfare commissioners. Subsequently, to confirm its reliability and validity, a mail questionnaire survey was conducted, involving 108 professionals belonging to community-based comprehensive support centers and public health centers in charge of abuse management. Through exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors were selected: [Declining family care], [Unnatural living behavior of the elderly], [elderly's complaints], and [Uncertain location]. A high Cronbach α of 0.897 for the entire checklist was achieved, which confirmed sufficient reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was also performed to examine construct validity, and the following values were obtained from the goodness-of-fit test: GFI=0.917, AGFI=0.884, CFI=0.934, and RMSEA=0.058. As a result, a 19-item elder abuse checklist for welfare commissioners was created, and it was shown to be applicable to identify early signs of elder abuse and to share such information with other professionals.