精神科看護者の感情労働と抑うつ、経験年数との関連および感情的知性、不合理な信念の影響

Relationship among Emotional Work, Depression and Years of Experience in Psychiatric Nurses, and the Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Irrational Belief on Emotional Work

要旨

　本研究の目的は、精神科看護者の感情労働と抑うつ、経験年数との関連、および感情的知性や不合理な信念の感情労働への影響を明らかにすることであった。計7ヵ所の精神科病院に勤務する看護師・准看護師572名に調査を実施し、調査票は無記名で記入後、各自が郵送で返送した。「感情労働」とCES-Dとの有意な相関は認められなかった。次に経験年数による差を検討したところ、「感情労働」の頻度が看護経験によって増減することが明らかになった。最後に、「感情労働」、「感情的知性」、「不合理な信念」の関係性を明らかにするために、構造方程式モデリングによる因果モデルを作成した。因果モデルの適合度指標は、GFI＝.993、AGFI＝.966、RMSEA＝.035で受容できた。これにより自分の能力や行為に対する期待が、対人状況を考慮しながら喚起した感情を対処しようとする能力を向上させ、さらに間接的に感情労働に影響を与えることが明らかになった。

Abstract

　The objective of the present study was to make clear relationship among emotional work, depression and years of experience in psychiatric nurses, and the influence of emotional intelligence and irrational belief on emotional work. We conducted a survey on a total of 572 clinical nurses and junior nurses working in seven different psychiatric hospitals. The survey sheet was anonymous and after filling the form, each of the nurses returned it by mail. We could not find any correlation between the "emotional work" and CES-D. However, we found that the "emotional work" in psychiatric nurses changed quantitatively according to the years of experience. Finally, we produced a causal modeling following structure equation modeling on a basis of the result of correlation analysis and the preceding findings to elucidate the relationship among "emotional work," "emotional intelligence," and "irrational belief." The fit indexes were GFI=.993, AGFI=.966, and RMSEA=.035. From the above, it became clear that "self-expectation" which enhanced the ability to control self-feelings according to situation and patients had an indirect influence on emotional labor.