巨大地震想定地域における住民の防災意識・防災行動および健康管理行動に関する現状調査

Survey of disaster preparedness, disaster prevention, and healthcare activities among local residents in a potential major earthquake area

要旨

目的：南海トラフ地震被害想定地域住民の防災意識・防災行動・健康管理行動の現状とそれらの関連を明らかにした。

方法：Ａ市に在住する20歳以上の4,917名を対象に、自記式質問紙を用いてインターネットおよび郵送調査を行った。

結果：有効回答率16.0%、平均年齢51.7±17.4歳であり、防災意識は全国平均と類似していた。防災意識の下位尺度項目の「被災状況の想像力」と防災行動（r＝0.404，p＜0.01）、「他者指向性・被災状況の想像力」と健康管理行動（r＝0.294・r＝0.203，p＜0.01）に相関があり、災害時に支援してもらえる近隣者・自治会などの防災訓練参加経験の有無により、防災意識・防災行動・健康管理行動に有意な差があった。

結論：健康被害を含めた被災状況のイメージが持てるような集団アプローチを行い、防災意識を向上させることが、平時の防災行動と健康管理行動の推進に繋がる可能性が示唆された。

Objective: This study elucidated details related to disaster preparedness, disaster prevention activities, and healthcare activities among local residents in the Nankai Trough earthquake damage prone area, and the relationships among the three.

Methods: Using self-administered questionnaires, the internet, and postal surveys were conducted with 4,917 residents aged 20 and over living in City A.

Results: The valid response rate was 16.0% with a mean age of respondents of 51.7±17.4 years. The survey scores of disaster preparedness were similar to the national average. There were correlations between ‘Imagination of disaster situations’ among the subscales of disaster preparedness and disaster prevention activities (r = 0.404, p < 0.01), and between ‘Other-orientation, imagination of disaster situations’, and healthcare activities (r = 0.294, r = 0.203, p < 0.01). Depending on the experience of emergency drills provided by neighbors and resident associations that can support residents in the event of a disaster, there were significant differences in disaster preparedness, disaster prevention activities, and healthcare activities.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that disaster prevention and healthcare activities at normal times may be promoted by improving disaster preparedness through a group-based approach that enables residents to imagine disaster situations including health hazards.