災害ボランティアセンター内における救護班に看護師がいる必要性と課題—被災地での経験に基づく考察

Necessity and Issues of Nurses in a Relief Team within a Disaster Volunteer Center: Based on experience in the disaster volunteer center

【抄録】

　本研究の目的は、平成30年7月豪雨における愛媛県宇和島市の災害ボランティアセンター（以下災害VC）内において看護師のみで救護班の立ち上げた経験から、災害VC内における救護班と看護師の必要性と課題について考察することである。今回、災害VC内に救護班を立ち上げるために予算確保や組織作りといった体制作りを行い、救護班の活動としては巡回活動、安全衛生管理、戸別訪問を行った。結果、支援者支援、被災者支援の視点から災害VCにおける救護班の必要性と看護師が救護班に関わる必要性が明らかとなった。今後の課題としては、「他機関・他職種との連携」、「スタッフの人員確保と健康管理」、「看護職者の体制」が考えられた。

　This study examined the necessity and issues of nurses in a relief team within a disaster volunteer center based on the experiences of nurses creating relief teams by themselves in a disaster volunteer center in Uwajima City, Ehime Prefecture, during a torrential rain disaster in July 2018. In this case, we created a system that included securing a budget and establishing an organization to establish relief teams in the disaster volunteer center. The activities of the relief team were to create a framework, establish and support the rescue and sanitation team, patrol, management of safety and sanitation, and door-to-door visits. Consequently, the need to establish a relief team in a disaster volunteer center was identified as “necessity for relief team in disaster volunteer center from the perspective of providing support to supporters, as well as support to victims,” and the “necessity for nurses within disaster volunteer center.” Furthermore, future challenges were considered as being, “collaborating with other institutions and professions,” “staff recruitment and health management,” and “creating a framework for nursing professionals.”