乳がん体験者のソーシャル・サポート—手術前状況に関する記述的研究

A Descriptive Study of Social Support among Women with Breast Cancer : Focused on Their Preoperative States

要旨

　乳がん体験者の手術前状況におけるソーシャル・サポートの意味を知ることを目的とし，面接による記述的研究を行った．対象者は，「乳がん」と診断され手術を受けるために入院している日本人女性16名である．半構成式質問を含むインタビューガイドを用いて面接を行い，その内容を分析した．主な分析結果は，サポートを意味する表現として「気づかい」，「心配」，「心の支え」などが用いられた．また，サポートのプラスとマイナスの両側面を示し，プラス側面については他者から対象者へ，対象者から他者へという2方向が示された．サポートの欠如を例とするマイナス側面も示された．ネットワークとしては，家族や友人，親族，職場の人であったが，対象者の背景により特徴を示し，既婚者では夫が，未婚者では両親が主なネットワークであった．西欧諸国で行われた乳がん体験者のソーシャル・サポートの研究結果と比較し，医療者は乳がん体験者のみならず，ネットワークをも含めたケア提供が必要であることを考察した．

Astract

　The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of social support among women with breast cancer, focused on their preoperative states. A descriptive study with interview methods was designed. Sixteen Japanese women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and hospitalized to have their breast surgeries participated in the study. The women were interviewed by semi-structured questions ; then, thematic interpretive analysis was performed. The results indicated that the participants explained support as "kizukai", "shinpai", and "kokoro no sasae". Positive and negative sides of social support were described. Regarding the positive side of social support, there were two directions : 1)from others to the participants and 2)from the participants to others. Also, They informed the negative side of social support, such as the lack of help. They identified family members, friends, relatives, and co-workers as their network. As the best support providers, married women stated their spouses, and single women expressed their parents. These results were discussed with the studies of social support among women with breast cancer that conducted in Western cultures. It was suggested that medical professionals should provide care for not only women with breast cancer but also their network persons.