片眼球喪失患者の適応課題と課題克服に影響を及ぼす要因

The Adaptation Task and the Factor that Influenced to Accomplish the Task on the Patients who Have Lost One Eye

要約

　癌治療等のために手術により片眼球を喪失した患者10名に対して面接調査を行い，片眼球喪失患者の適応課題と課題克服に影響を及ぼす要因に関して，以下の分析結果を得た．

1．片眼球喪失患者が，片眼球喪失に適応するためには，以下の2つの適応課題を克服する必要がある．

　①顔や視機能の変化により生じる喪失感を克服する．

　②顔や視機能の変化を補う新しい行動を獲得する．

2．視機能の変化により生じる喪失感の克服には，視機能の変化を補う新しい行動を獲得し，身体を再統合する必要がある．

3．顔の変化により生じる喪失感の克服には，変化した顔をありのままに受け入れ，義眼装用の顔についての他者の反応を肯定的に感じとることが必須である．

4．視機能の変化を補う行動や義眼のケア行動といった新しい行動の獲得には，練習を繰り返すことが重要である．

5．適応課題の克服には，以下の6つの要因が影響を及ぼす．即ち，①片眼球との決別のしかた，②障害者に対する考え，③顔の変形の程度，④職業，⑤ソーシャルサポート，⑥問題解決に利用できる知識である．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to find the adaptation task and the factor that influenced to accomplish the adaptation task. The subjects were 10 patients who had lost one eye by surgery. The data was collected through an interview using semi-structured questionnaire. The following results were obtained.

1. The patients who have lost one eye by surgery should fulfill the two adaptation tasks to adapt themselves to the loss. These are (1)to overcome a feeling of loss caused by the changes in facial appearance and visual function, and (2)to acquire new behaviors to compensate the changes of facial structure and visual function.

2. To overcome a feeling of loss caused by the change in visual function, it is important to reintegrate their bodies through acquisition of new behaviors to compensate for those changes.

3. It is essential to the fulfillment of a feeling of loss caused by the change of facial appearance, that the patients accept their facial changes as they are, and feel positively others' reactions to their faces wearing an artificial eye.

4. It is important to repeatedly practice to acquire new behaviors to take care the artificial eye and to compensate the changes in visual function.

5. The following six factors are found to influence to accomplish the adaptation tasks ; 1)the way of losing an eye ; 2)thoughts on the disabled ; 3)degree of facial deformity ; 4)occupation ; 5)social support ; 6)useful knowledge to solve problems.