子宮頸がん患者の就労実態と就労者の特徴

Employment status of cervical cancer patients and characteristics of workers

要旨

　目的：本研究は子宮頸がん患者の就労実態と就労者の特徴を明らかにすることである．

　方法：治療開始から6カ月〜6年未満の患者を対象に横断的観察研究を行った．自記式質問紙および診療録から，がん診断時と調査時の就労の有無，就業の変化，対象背景，自尊心，自己効力感，機能障害を調査した．調査時の就労の有無よる群間比較を行った．

　結果：対象者127名のがん診断時の就労者は91.3％（116/127）であった．治療開始から平均3.2（±1.5）年経過した調査時の就労者は82.7％（105/127）であった．調査時の就労に婚姻の有無（p＝0.002）や子どもの有無（p＜0.001）が関連していた．がん診断時と調査時に就労していた者の66.3％は，がん治療後に転職や就労時間の調整などの就業の変化があった．就業の変化があった者は有意に非正規雇用者が多く（p＝0.010），復職時期が遅かった（p＝0.013）．

　結論：子宮頸がん患者にとって就労は経済的な安定や社会との交流となる．就労の意義を尊重し，就労環境の調整や機能障害へのセルフケアなどを含めた就労支援が必要である．

　The purpose of this study was to clarify the employment status and characteristics of cervical cancer patients. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on non-cancerous patients who were within 6 months to less than 6 years since their treatment had begun.

　Based on self-administered questionnaires and medical records, we investigated whether the patient was employed or not at the time of cancer diagnosis and the time of the survey, changes in employment, background information, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and dysfunction due to cervical cancer. A comparison was made between groups according to whether or not they were employed at the time of survey.

　Of the 127 subjects, 91.3% (116/127) were working at the time of cancer diagnosis. At the time of the survey, an average of 3.2 years (±1.5) after the start of treatment, 82.7% (105/127) of those employed were working.

　Marital status (p = 0.002) and parental status (p < 0.001) were associated with employment status at the time of the survey. 66.3% of those employed at the time of cancer diagnosis and survey had changes in employment after cancer treatment, such as changing jobs or adjusting working hours. Those who had changed employment were significantly more non-regular employees (p = 0.010), and returned to work late (p = 0.013)

　For cervical cancer patients, working is financial stability and social interaction. It is necessary to respect the significance of employment and provide employment support including adjustment of the working environment and self-care for dysfunction.