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要旨
本研究の目的は,大腸全摘術を受けた家族性大腸腺腫症患者が,術後の排泄障害への対処方法を獲得するプロセスを明らかにすることである.大腸全摘術を受けた家族性大腸腺腫症患者5名を対象に,半構成的面接法によるデータ収集を行い,内容分析を行った.対象者の平均年齢は34±7.96歳.術後経過月数は14.8±8.61カ月であった.
大腸全摘術後の家族性大腸腺腫症患者が排泄障害への対処方法を獲得するプロセスとしては,【症状のアセスメント】,【体の状態に合わせた行動】,【コントロール感覚を取り戻す】,【親の体験を基準とした指標作成】,【予防的方略の模索】,【社会復帰への手がかりの発見】の6つのカテゴリが抽出された.家族性大腸腺腫症患者が大腸全摘術を受けた場合には,一般的な対処方法に加え,親の体験を参考にして術後の排泄障害に対処していることが明らかになった.
家族性大腸腺腫症患者のケア携わる看護師は,患者が排泄障害を持ちながらも親の体験に基づいた指標をもとにコントロール感覚をつかむことができるよう,情報提供を行ったり対処方法を意味づけたりするようなサポートを継続していくことが必要であることが示唆された.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of acquiring techniques for coping with impaired excretion by patients with familial adenomatous polyposis after total colectomy. A semi-structured interview was used to obtain relevant data from five patients with this disease who underwent surgical treatment. The data were then analyzed. Subject mean age was 34 ± 7.96 years; the postoperative period was 14.8 ± 8.61 months.
The process of finding techniques for coping with impaired excretion after surgical treatment included the following six categories: assessment of symptoms; adaptation of behavior to their physical condition; recovery of sensation of control; development of indexes on the basis of parents' experience; searching for preventive strategies; discovery of signs leading to social rehabilitation. It was demonstrated that patients with this disease who undergo surgical treatment consider their parents' experience, as well as general coping techniques, in the process of learning how to cope with postoperative impaired excretion.
The results of this study suggest that nurses engaged in caring for familial adenomatous polyposis patients are expected to provide continuous support by supplying useful information and demonstrating the importance of coping techniques, so that the patients can learn the sensation of control according to the indexes, based on their parents' experience, and overcome impaired excretion.
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