「知覚された多側面の個人−環境適合」を測定する日本語版適合感尺度の開発：看護職における妥当性と信頼性の検証

Development of a Japanese Version of the Perceived Fit Scale to Measure Perceived Multidimensional Person-environment Fit: Validity and Reliability Tests among Nurses

要旨

　目的：個人−環境適合の5側面の知覚を測定する日本語版適合感尺度を開発し，妥当性と信頼性を検証する．

　方法：個人−環境適合の欲求−供給，需要−能力，個人−組織適合の3側面を測るPerceived Fit Scaleを許諾後翻訳し，個人−組織適合尺度の「組織」を「上司」「同僚」に置換し，個人−上司，個人−集団適合尺度を追加した．異なる時期・施設の看護職に調査を行い，その一部に再テストを実施した．209名，434名のデータを分析した．

　結果：探索的因子分析で想定の5因子が抽出され，確証的因子分析でモデル適合度は良好だった．関連が想定された概念と各下位尺度との相関は仮説通りだった．クロンバックαは各下位尺度.87〜.97であった．各調査の級内相関係数は.60〜.78，.37〜.54であった．

　結論：開発した日本語版適合感尺度は時間的安定性に課題はあるが，看護職で一定の妥当性，信頼性を確認できた

　Aim: This study developed a Japanese version of the Perceived Fit Scale to measure five dimensions of perceived person-environment fit and tested its validity and reliability.

　Method: The Perceived Fit Scale, which measures the three dimensions of person-environment fit (needs - supplies, demands - abilities, and person - organization fit) was translated with permission of the authors of the original scale. “Organization” in the person-organization fit scale was replaced with “supervisor” and “group members;” the person-supervisor and person-group fit scales were added. The two surveys were administered to different groups of nurses across different time periods, some of whom were retested. Data from 209 and 434 participants were analyzed.

　Result: First, exploratory factor analysis identified the five expected factors; then, confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. The correlations between the concepts presumed relevant and the developed-scale subscales were as hypothesized. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .87 to .97 for each subscale. The intraclass correlation coefficients for each survey ranged from .60 to .78 and from .37 to .54.

　Conclusion: Despite some issues with test - retest reliability, certain levels of validity and reliability were confirmed for this Japanese version of the Perceived Fit Scale among nurses.