精神障害をもつ人のニーズアセスメント尺度に関する文献検討—Camberwell Assessment of Need との比較検討

A Literature Review of Needs Assessment Scales for Mental Health Service Users: Comparison with Camberwell Assessment of Need

要旨

　目的：文献レビューにより精神障害をもつ人のニーズアセスメント尺度を比較し，実用性を検討する．

　方法：PubMed，CINAHL，医学中央雑誌を用い，“mental disorders”“needs assessment”“tool”「精神 障害」「ニーズアセスメント」をキーワードとして2018年11月までに発表された文献を検索した．

　結果：海外文献からニーズアセスメント尺度が9種得られた．その中でCamberwell Assessment of Need（CAN）が広く使用されている信頼性の高い尺度であった．CANのアセスメント項目や評価段階を増加する試みも見られたが，新たな尺度で臨床における実用性が改善したものは見られなかった．国内文献からはニーズアセスメント尺度は見当たらなかった．

　考察：今後CANの和訳と改良を検討し，精神障害をもつ人の支援に活用できるよう検討することが必要である．

　Objective: This study aimed to compare and examine the clinical usefulness of the needs assessment scales for assessing the needs of people with mental disorders based on a literature review.

　Method: The bibliographic databases PubMed, CINAHL with Full Text, and Ichushi Ver. 5 were used to find the relevant studies published until November 2018. PubMed and CINAHL were searched with the keywords “mental disorders,” “needs assessment,” and “tool,” while Ichushi Ver. 5 was searched with the keywords “mental disorders” and “needs assessment.”

　Results: A total of nine needs assessment scales were obtained from the international literature; the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) for clinical purposes was widely used as reliable measures. Attempts to identify the number of items and evaluation stages for CAN were also made, however, no scales obtained showed any improved effectiveness. In Japanese literature, no scales for needs assessment were found.

　Discussion: In the future, it would be necessary to translate CAN to Japanese and examine its improvements to provide a better support for mental health service users.