大腸がん患者の症状の認識とリスク因子の知識および生活習慣との関連

Relationship between Recognition of Symptoms in Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Knowledge of Risk Factors and Lifestyle

要旨

目的：大腸がんの症状の認識とリスク因子の知識，生活習慣との関連を明らかにする．

方法：大腸がん患者を対象に症状の認識とリスク因子の知識，生活習慣に関する質問紙調査を行った．症状の認識の程度に応じて「現在も知らない」，「罹患後に知った」，「罹患前から知っている」の3群にわけ分析した．

結果：研究参加者は95人であった．症状を「現在も知らない」群は36人（37.9％）で，男性，病期II/III期の者が多く，年収，リスク因子の知識が低く，生野菜摂取量が少なく，飲酒，脂肪分の摂取量が多かった．「罹患後に知った」群は40人（42.1％）で，女性，病期II/III期の者で，生野菜の摂取量が多く，飲酒，脂肪分の摂取量が少なかった．「罹患前から知っている」群は19人（20.0％）で，病期0/I期の者が多く，年収，リスク因子の知識が高く，脂肪分の摂取量が少なかった．

結論：大腸がんの症状の認識によりリスク因子の知識や生活習慣に相違があり，特徴に応じた看護支援の必要性が示唆された．

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the recognition of colorectal cancer symptoms in affected patients and the knowledge of risk factors and lifestyle.

Method: Postoperative patients with colorectal cancer participated in a self-report questionnaire survey on “recognition of symptoms,” “knowledge of risk factors,” and “current lifestyle habits.” A univariate analysis was performed on “recognition of symptoms”; each question had one of three possible answers: “I didn't know symptoms,” “I knew symptoms after onset,” and “I knew symptoms before onset.”

Result: Responses were received from ninety-five patients. Thirty-six patients (37.9%) who answered “I didn't know symptoms” were male and Stage II/III patients with less than 3 million yen in annual income; their knowledge of risk factors was low, and they reported high alcohol and fat intake and low vegetable intake. Forty patients (42.1%) who answered “I knew symptoms after onset” were female and Stage II/III patients; they reported high intake of vegetables and low alcohol and fat intake. Nineteen patients (20.0%) who answered “I knew symptoms before onset” were Stage 0/I patients and more than 3 million yen in annual income; their knowledge of risk factors was high and their fat intake was low.

Conclusion: Differences in the knowledge of risk factors and lifestyle were observed because of differences in the recognition of symptoms, suggesting the necessity of suggesting the necessity of providing nurses' support.