食に関する幼児の養育についての親の認識アセスメント指標の作成

Development of a Parental Perception of Toddler and Preschooler Feeding Assessment Index

要旨

目的：食に関する幼児の養育についての親の認識アセスメント指標（PPTPFAI）を作成し，本指標の特性を確認するために信頼性・妥当性を検討することを目的とした．

方法：先行研究を基に27項目のPPTPFAI原案を作成し，1歳から就学前の幼児の主な養育者571名を対象に，保健センターや小学校で無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した．信頼性・妥当性の検討には，内的整合性の確認，再テスト法，因子分析等を用いた．

結果：幼児の養育者213名より有効回答を得た．PPTPFAIは【子どもが自発的に食べることを支える】【健康に配慮して食生活を調整する】【行儀のよいふるまいを求める】【子どもの欲求を理解する】の4因子，18項目で構成された．Cronbach α係数はPPTPFAI全体で0.83, 各因子では0.62〜0.79であり，テスト−再テスト信頼性は0.78以上を示した．PPTPFAIと育児ストレスショートフォーム実用版の総得点間には有意な負の相関が認められた．

結論：18項目，4因子で構成されたPPTPFAIは，ある一定の信頼性・妥当性が確認された．

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a Parental Perception of Toddler and Preschooler Feeding Assessment Index (PPTPFAI) and analyze the index's reliability and validity for confirming its characteristic.

Methods: Based on a literature review, we prepared a preliminary index consisting of 27 items. These self-report questionnaires were administered to 571 parents of 1-6-year-old children at public health centers and schools. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability and factor analysis were performed.

Results: Valid responses were obtained from 213 parents. Four factors with 18 items were extracted: (1) Assisting children to eat on their own initiative, (2) taking care of children's health and regulating their eating lifestyles, (3) demanding good manners, and (4) understanding children's wants. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.83, and for the subscales ranged from 0.62 to 0.79. The test-retest reliability was 0.78 or more. The scores on PPTPFAI were negatively correlated with scores on the Parenting Stress Index Short Form.

Conclusion: This study found that the PPTPFAI constructed 18 items and four factors was developed, and had moderate reliability and validity.