子どもの健康度尺度の作成とその信頼性・安定性および妥当性の検討

Developing a new Health Measuring Scale for children and testing the reliability, stability and validity of the scale

要旨

　本研究では，大別すれば以下に述べる2つのことについて検討を行った。

1　身体的・精神的・社会的に統合された健康についての，子供の全体像を捉えることができるような健康度尺度の作成を行った。この尺度は，小学2・4・6年生と中学2年生の304名を被験者として予備調査を行った。予備調査においては，子どもたちに「健康な子どもとはどんな子どものことだと思いますか」「健康にとって大切なことはどんなことだと思いますか」との2つの質問を自由記述により求めた。この結果を基に，教師，大学院生，大学生による他者評定を4回にわたって実施し，作成した。この身体的・精神的・社会的の3領域から構成された尺度はそれぞれが12の項目からなる36の健康度尺度である。

2　作成された健康度尺度の項目の信頼性・安定性および妥当性の検討を行った。

　(1) 信頼性・安定性については1.5ヵ月の期間を置いて再調査を実施し，項目の内的整合的信頼性と再調査による得点間の相関を求めた。被験者は，小学2・4・6年生と中学2年生の440名であった。

　(2) 妥当性については，

　　①尺度作成の過程で4回の他者評定を行った。

　　②3領域における生徒一人一人の健康度得点と教師評定との相関を求めた。

　　③矢田部・ギルフォード性格検査との関連性を求めた。

　以上，(1)(2)の結果から，健康度尺度に配置されている項目の信頼性・安定性および妥当性が認められた。

Abstract

This study was generally divided into two categories.

1 The Health Measuring Scale (HMS) was devised as an integrated measure of the child's physical, mental and social health conditions. Prior to developing this scale, a preliminary investigation of 304 sample students (2nd, 4th and 6th grade of primary and junior high school students) was conducted. They were asked:“What do you think is a healthy child?“and” What do you think is the most important for your health?”. This HMS was developed from the results of the four investigations of the items derived from the preliminary study, which was performed by teachers, graduate and undergraduate students of Education Department. It consisted of 36 items, which were divided into 3 groups, Physical, Mental and Social groups.

2 The reliability, stability and validity of the HMS were assessed in several ways:

　(1) The reliability of this test was reassured from the angle of internal consistency of the test items, and the stability was retested after 1.5 month. The reliability, stability and validity were estimated from the reactions of 440 sample students (2nd, 4th and 6th grade of primary and junior high school students).

　(2) The validity of this test was reconfirmed in the following ways.

　　① The items of the HMS were selected from 4 evaluations by teachers, graduate and undergraduate students.

　　② The total score and subscore of HMS were correlated to behavioral evaluations by school teachers.

　　③The total score of HMS was correlated to the types of the Yatabe・Guilford's personality test.

High correlation was reconfirmed from the results of the above-mentioned.