作業療法における「手工芸に対する自己効力(Self-efficacy)尺度」の作成について—尺度の妥当性と信頼性の検討

Developing the Self-efficacy Scales for manual skilled activities in occupational therapy : Examining the validity and reliability of the scales

要旨：「手工芸に対する自己効力尺度」の開発を目的に，21種類の活動の工程を写真で示したカード集とそれぞれの種目に対する自己効力を明らかにする回答用紙からなる仮の尺度を用いて，学生90名を対象に評価を実施し，妥当性と信頼性について検討を加えた．妥当性は，一般性セルフ・エフィカシー尺度を基準とする基準関連妥当係数を求め，信頼性は，検査—再検査信頼性と内的一貫性を求めた．結果，信頼性係数は有意な相関が認められ(p＜0.01)，α＝0.95を示し十分な信頼性が得られた．妥当性は，21種目の仮の尺度の合計では有意な基準関連妥当係数は認められなかったが，評価種目を15種目に減らすことで，より高い基準関連妥当係数が得られた．

　The first step of this study was to develop the self-efficacy scales (SS) for manual skilled activities in occupational therapy in order to measure the subjective feelings of self-efficacy of individuals. The Activity Process Cards (APC) was produced graphically for each activity, step by step and from beginning to end. The APC for twenty one activities and questionnaire style SS were developed. The second step of this study was meant to examine the validity and reliability of the scales with the responses of 90 occupational therapy students. The validity was examined with the standard relation validity coefficient based on the General Self Efficacy Scales. The reliability was examined with the test-retest reliability and internal consistency. As a result, reliability was found to be related to the results of test-retest reliability (p＜0.01) and Cronbach's α = 0.95. The fifteen activities were chosen for items of SS based on the standard relation validity coefficient. It was suggested that this study gained the indicator of validity for future researches.