セルフケア行動とQuality of Lifeとの関連性からみた老年糖尿病患者の看護目標

Nursing Goal for Elderly Diabetics in Terms of their Self-Care and the Quality of Life

要旨

　老年期に糖尿病が発症した患者の看護目標をセルフケア行動とQOLとの関連性から検討する目的で，107人を対象に食事療法を中心とするセルフケア行動，それに伴う考え方，感じ方，糖尿病が与える影響とSelf-Esteem，主観的幸福感について質問紙法による調査，分析を行い以下の知見を得た．

1）本研究における老年糖尿病患者のセルフケア行動の特徴として，①食事療法の必要性を認め前向きに取り組んでいるが，実施方法では「主食の量を守る」という者が大部分で，厳密なコントロールを実施している者は少数であること，②糖尿病によって最も強く感じている制約は「食事が制限されていること」であったが，社会生活上の制約を感じている者はほとんどいないこと，があげられた．

2）積極的なセルフケア行動とQOLが高いことは関連が認められた．このことから老年糖尿病患者の看護目標として，セルフケア行動をとることで主観的健康観を高め，またセルフケアの努力を医療者や家族が認め，サポートを提供することでQOLを高めていくという観点が大切である．

Abstract

　The object of this study is to investigate the nurisng goal for the elderly patients who have diabetes with onset at their old age, in terms of their self-care behavior and the quality of life.

　The interview was conducted to assess the following point: 1) their self-care mostly concerned with diet, 2) their perception of self-care, 3) influence of the illness, 4) self-esteem, and 5) their subjective well-being. The subjects consisted of 107 elders who had diabetes. Two findings were obtained.

　The first findings are about the feature of self-care behavior of these subjects: (1) Most patients approved the importance of diet, and did as well as they could, but the strategy was not strict; they did only weigh rice. (2) Strongest restriction because of diabetes they perceived was dietary restriction, however most of the subjects did not perceive social restriction. The second finding is that the positive self-care behavior of diabetes is closely related with high QOL.

　We concluded that they could improve their notion of subjective well-being through self-care and that we could help them raising their QOL by admittingtheir effort of self-care and by supporting them. Which is the nursing goal for elderly diabetics.