初妊婦における胎児に対するattachment（きずな）が新生児に対するattachmentに及ぼす影響―妊娠初期から出産後1カ月までの縦断的研究

The Effect of the Attachment to Pregnant Women's Fetus on the Attachment to Their Infant

要旨

　本研究の目的は，妊娠期間の中でどの時期における母親の胎児に対するattachmentが新生児に対するattachmentに対して影響力をもつかを明らかにし，その背景の要因を探ることであった．83名の初妊婦を対象に，妊娠初期・中期・後期の3期と出産後1カ月の合計4回にわたり縦断的に調査を行った．その結果，以下のことが明になった．

　1）妊娠3期における母親の胎児に対するattachmentの中で，後期における母親の胎児に対するattachmentが，新生児に対するattachmentに対して影響力があった．

　2）後期のPrenatal Attachment Inventory（PAI）得点のhigh群とlow群とを比較した時，後期の胎児に対するattachmentが高い人ほど，妊娠生活において夫の協力が得られ，結婚に対する肯定感情が高く，中期以降は，胎動に対する喜びや赤ちゃんのことを考える.度が高かた．後期においては，出産に向けて意欲的に取り組む傾向があった．

　すなわち，後期における母親の胎児に対するattachmentが，出産後の母親とわが子との関わりに重要となり，妊娠期の医療者としての関わりにおいて，後期における保健指導の重要性が示唆された．

Abstract

　The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of timing of maternal attachment to fetus on attachment to infant and to identify related background factors. Eighty-three prima gravida women participated in a longitudinal study, answering a total of four surveys conducted in the early,middle and late stages of pregnancy and at one month postpartum.The results were as follows：

　1)Among the three stages of pregnancy, maternal attachment to fetus during the late stage had the greatest impact on maternal attachment to neonate.

　2)When mothers with a high prenatal attachment inventory score (PAI)were compared to those with a low PAI, the higher the attachment during the late stage, the greater the husband collaboration during pregnancy, and the greater the marital satisfaction. In addition, the higher the attachment during the middle and late stages, the higher the frequency of thinking about the baby or experiencing fetal movements. Also, the higher the attachment during the late stage, the greater the degree of involvement of the mother in delivery.

　Given these results, maternal attachment to fetus during the late stage of pregnancy is important to the relationship with the infant. Thus medical professionals should become promote this attachment by providing health guidance during the late stage of pregnancy.