精神科看護師の患者との人間関係における自己効力感測定尺度の開発

Psychiatric Nurses Relations with Patients: Development of a Self-Efficacy Measurement Scale

要旨

　精神科看護における患者との人間関係において、看護師の自己効力感を測定するための尺度の開発を目的とした。対象者は精神科病院4施設の200名であり、174名より有効回答を得た。「尊重」、「判断」、「忍耐」、「傾聴」、「受容」、「冷静」、「共感」の7つの概念を枠組みとして計42項目の尺度を作成し調査を行い、信頼性・妥当性を検討した。

　因子分析の結果、「判断」、「忍耐」、「傾聴」、「受容」、「冷静」、「共感」6因子23項目抽出した。GP分析を行い弁別的妥当性を確認すると0.1％水準で有意差を認め、本尺度の項目としての妥当性が確認できた。基準関連妥当性では、自己効力感の概念に関連する概念である「倫理的行動測定尺度」を用いて得られたデータとの間で有意な相関がみられた。本尺度の構成概念を決定できる項目として採択できる項目であることが確認できた。尺度の信頼性についてはCronbachのα係数で確認すると全因子が0.74〜0.81の範囲にあり、尺度全体で0.893であり、高い信頼性のあることが確認できた。このことから、自己効力感測定尺度は、妥当性・信頼性があると判断する。

　Our objective was to develop a scale for measuring psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy in their relations with psychiatric patients. The participants were 200 nurses in four psychiatric hospitals, and we obtained valid responses from 174 participants. We created and administered a survey scale with 42 items as a framework for seven concepts, including respect, judgment, perseverance, attentive listening, acceptance, calm. Then we examined the scale's reliability and validity.

　Six factors including judgment, perseverance, attentive listening, acceptance, calm were extracted as a result of factor analysis, along with 23 items. We conducted a GP analysis and confirmed distinctive validity. A significant difference was observed at the 0.1% level. We could, thus, confirm validity for this scale's items. In criterion-related validity, a significant correlation was observed in the data obtained using the “ethical behavior measurement scale,” a concept related to self-efficacy. We confirmed that the items determining this scale's structural concept are also the items that can be adopted. We confirmed the scale's reliability using Cronbach's alpha. In addition, we confirmed that all the factors are within the range of 0.74-0.81, all criteria are 0.893, and their reliability is high. From this, we judge that the self-efficacy measurement scale has reliability and validity.