Health Literacyの概念分析―保健センターで展開される健康教育の場において

A Concept Analysis of “Health Literacy”: Focusing on Participants in Health Education Classes at Health Centers

要旨

　本研究の目的は，Health Literacy(以下HLと記す)の測定尺度を開発するために，HLの概念を明らかにすることである．分析は概念分析法の中のHybrid Modelを用い，文献検討と，成人を対象とした健康教室への参加観察によるフィールドワークを実施し，最後に両者の結果を統合した．

　両者の結果を統合した結果，HLは，Functional HL：《読み書き・計算》，Interactive HL：《入手》，《知覚・認知・理解》，《分析・選択・評価》，《活用》，Critical HL：《応用》，《他者への提供》の計3階層，7段階が抽出された．また，HLはこれらの段階を何度も繰り返すサイクルの過程を経て向上し，さらに，他者との会話や目標設定から課題の遂行までの教育プログラムや体力・身体測定はHLが向上する要因となることが明らかとなった．

　HLの各段階は健康学習理論と合致しており学習効果の測定に有用であると考えられるため，今後は本研究の結果を活用し，臨床で使用可能な測定用具の開発が求められる．

Abstract

　In order to develop a health literacy measurement scale, this study aimed to identify the concept of health literacy based on a Hybrid Model of concept analysis. A review of health literacy literature was conducted and participant observation was performed in 5health education classes for adults in health center settings. Finally, the literature review findings and fieldwork findings were integrated.

　From the integrated findings, Functional, Interactive, and Critical categories of health literacy were identified. Functional health literacy consists of 1stage, “reading and writing, numeracy.” The 4 stages of Interactive health literacy are “acquisition,” “perception, recognition, and comprehension,”“analysis, selection, and evaluation,”and “utilization.”The2stages of Critical health literacy are“application”and “offer to others.”Some persons studied new technical terms and acquired new information in order to apply and offer others the wisdom. Therefore, these 7stages of health literacy followed a cyclical improvement process.Factors such as conversations with others, health education programs involving goal setting and problem solving, and physical fitness testing and body measurement facilitated the improvement of health literacy.

　As each health literacy stage agrees with a health learning theory, present finding is useful for measuring the effects of education programs. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of a measurement scale for health literacy in clinical settings.