高齢者を対象とした住宅改修における作業療法士の経験に関する現象学的研究

A phenomenological study of occupational therapists' experiences with home-adaptations for the elderly

要旨：作業療法士へのインタビュー調査から，彼らが高齢者に対する住宅改修の中で何を考え，どのように専門性を捉えているのかについて，明らかにした．現象学を用いて分析した結果，彼らはADL・移動に加え，IADL・余暇活動・社会参加の支援をOTの専門性と捉えていることが明らかとなった．またその一方で，住宅改修においてOTが捉えている専門性を発揮しづらいさまざまな制約や課題が存在すること，その状況下でOTは実現可能な方法を模索していることが明らかとなった．以上の結果から，OTの専門性やその専門性の発揮の仕方について明確にし，OTの専門性と健康の関連性を具体的に示す必要性が示唆された．

　This research reveals how occupational therapists (OTs) think and how OTs perceive their specialty when considering home adaptation (HA) for older persons through interviews with 8 OTs. Interview data were analyzed using Parse's phenomenological study. We found that OTs regard IADL, leisure activities, and support for social participation as OT's specialty in addition to ADL and mobility. On the other hand, it became clear that there are various restrictions and issues that make it difficult for OTs to demonstrate the expertise that OTs perceive in housing renovation, and that OTs are seeking a feasible method under such circumstances. Our results suggest that in order to support IADLs, leisure activities, and social activities among the elderly, it is necessary to indicate the relationships between these elements and health, as well as to indicate the special relationship between the OT and health. It is necessary to clarify the OTs' specialty and how to demonstrate their specialty.