軽度知的障害者の就労支援における作業療法士の取り組み

Approaches used by occupational therapists to support employment among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities

要旨：本研究では，作業療法士11名を対象に彼らが軽度知的障害者の就労促進を図るために，就労に対して取り組む際の視点や支援方法を明らかにすることを目的に，インタビュー調査を行った．分析は，修正版グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチを用いた．結果，24個の概念と5個のサブカテゴリーを経て，【幅広いアセスメント】【伴走者としての支援】【就労に向けた支援】【支援の連続性】の4つのカテゴリーが生成された．対象者や企業をあらゆる方向から見てアセスメントをする力や，就労に向けて働く動機を見つけるなどの下準備をすること，将来を見据えてライフステージに合わせた支援を行うことが大切になると示唆された．

　This study aimed to evaluate the approaches used by occupational therapists (OTs) to support employment among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities. OTs of 11 individuals with mild intellectual disabilities requiring employment support were interviewed online via Zoom. A modified grounded theory approach was used for analysis. In total, 24 concepts and five subcategories were identified, which were grouped into the following four categories: “Broad assessment,” “Support as a Guide and Companion,” “Support for employment,” and “Continuity of support.” The ability to 1) assess by looking at the individual and company from all directions, 2) assist the individual to find motivation to work, and 3) provide support according to the individual's life stages while keeping the future in mind were important for supporting individuals with mild intellectual disabilities to find employment and settle down in the workplace.