地域に住む要支援高齢男性が価値を置く作業の特徴に関する質的研究

A qualitative study of valued occupational characteristics for frail elderly males living in the community

要旨：本研究は，地域に住む要支援高齢男性が価値を置く作業の特徴を，当事者の視点から理解することを目的に，質的研究法を用いて調査した．北海道内の通所系サービスを利用する男性10名を対象に，1人60分程度の半構造化面接を実施した．分析はグラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチを用いた．その結果，価値を置く作業は，【見える達成を実感できる作業】，【社会的に意味あることが確認できる作業】の2つの特徴が確認できた．さらに，作業に価値を見出す背景には，【作業選択を動機付ける自己資源】，【現状の生活に対する認識】があった．作業療法支援では，当事者による価値を置く作業の捉え方とその背後の状況の理解が，有効である可能性が示唆された．

　Using qualitative methods, this study investigated the valued occupational characteristics of frail elderly males attending a daycare facility and the underlying situations that influenced them. Semi-structured interviews of approximately 60 minutes per person were conducted with 10 men attending numerous daycare facilities in Hokkaido, Japan. The resulting data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin grounded theory approach which identified the following characteristics of their valued occupations: (1) Occupations that realize visible achievements, (2) Occupations that confirm significance within society, (3) Self-resources that motivate choice of occupation, and (4) Understanding how current lifestyle influences the characteristics of valued occupations. The study concluded that understanding frail elderly males' thoughts on their valued occupations within the context of the implementation of such occupations can be effective for occupational therapists who support these individuals.