健康な高齢者がヘルスプロモーションに必要としていること

Needs of healthy elderly for controlling health condition

要旨：高齢者を対象とした健康増進プログラムの多くは集団で行われているが，効果的な介入には個々のニーズを反映したプログラムが必要である．そこで，本研究では健康をコントロールするためのニーズを明らかにすることを目的に，健康な高齢者にグループインタビューを行った．分析の結果，《異なる世代や異性との交流を通して，学び，刺激を受けること》，《活動を継続すること》，《状況に合わせて行うことを選択できること》，《自分の価値や周囲からの期待を感じられること》，《話を聞いてくれて，客観的に公平な目で見てくれる人を見つけること》の5つのニーズにまとめられた．これらは集団プログラムの形態を決定する際に有用である．

　Background: In Japan, services for health promotion are often provided to the elderly, especially frail elderly and the disabled. However, in 2010, more than 60% of elderly considered themselves to be “healthy”. Therefore, it is also necessary to improve health promotion services among these healthy elderly. Previous studies have reported the needs of healthy elderly with respect to health promotion. However, it is also necessary to clarify how healthy elderly make use of resources for health promotion. Aim: To clarify the needs of healthy elderly people with respect to controlling their health condition. Method: Group interviews were conducted with a total of 32 healthy elderly divided into four groups. The method of analysis was qualitative description. Interviewees' own words were used as much as possible to derive categories of needs for controlling health. Result: The following five categories were derived: “learning and stimulation through communication with other generations and the opposite sex”, “continuing activities”, “selecting from several activities while giving consideration to various conditions”, “feeling a sense of myself and/or expectations from the people around me”, “talking with and being objectively and fairly evaluated by others”. Discussion: The present results provide useful data for the establishment of a program for health promotion among healthy elderly that takes into consideration clients' individual points of view.