精神障害者に対する偏見・スティグマの研究—精神科実習は精神障害者に対する社会的距離を縮めるか？

The research of prejudices and stigmata toward people with mental disorders : Do occupational therapy students create good social relationships with people with mental disorders through the clinical fieldworks?

要旨：目的；精神科の臨床実習が社会的距離に与える影響を考察するとともに，作業療法教育における精神科臨床実習のあり方について検討する．方法；臨床実習を経験した学生を対象に，精神障害者に対する社会的距離尺度の自記式調査票を用いた．結果と考察；概して，長期臨床実習での接触経験は，実習生の社会的距離を縮小（好意的態度に変化）させるが，短期実習ではむしろ非好意的態度に変える可能性があることが示唆された．また，社会的態度を好意的なものに変えるための精神科の臨床実習は，可能な限り対象者と学生がともに活動を行い，双方向の交流関係が持てるような実習方法を提供する必要があると思われた．

　Purpose : To discuss the influences of clinical practice in psychiatry on social distance, and to pursue ideal methods of clinical practice in psychiatry for the education of occupational therapy. Method : Self-recording survey sheets for evaluating social distance from mentally disordered people were distributed to students who have experienced clinical practice. Results and Discussion : As a whole, this study suggested the possibility that the experience of touching mentally disordered people in longterm clinical practice will shorten the social distance recognized by students (whose attitude will become favorable), but such experience in short-term practice will rather induce unfavorable attitudes. In addition, it was concluded that clinical practice in psychiatry for changing social attitudes to favorable ones needs to enable students and mentally disordered people to work in cooperation and conduct bilateral exchanges as much as possible.