作業療法士の精神障害者に対する「否定的態度」に影響を与える要因の検討

Investigation of factors that affect negative attitudes of occupational therapists, toward mental disorders

要旨：精神科作業療法士の精神障害者に対する否定的態度に影響を与える要因の検討を目的に，基本属性(医療機関属性・個人属性)，職場環境満足度，職務遂行度を自己記入式アンケートにより調査した．重回帰分析の結果は，基本属性，職場満足度，職務遂行度の3領域14変数により，62.1％の説明率が示された．特に影響を与える要因は医療機関風生の「OTR人数」，個人属性の「最終学歴」，職務遂行度の「一般プログラム」であった．職場環境満足度の「他職種との連携」，職務遂行度の「研鐙」は弱い影響要因として示された．これらの要因のうち，「OTR人数」以外は，否定的態度を減弱する要因として示された．

　The main purpose of this survey was to clarify some factors that affect the negative attitudes toward patients' mental disorders by psychiatric occupational therapists. The survey collected information about personal attributes, satisfaction with their work, performance of their duty, and negative attitudes. The questionnaires were mailed to 130 psychiatric occupational therapists. There were 41 valid respondents with a response rate of 31.5%. The data were subjected to multiple regression analysis. Criterion variables included negative attitudes with 14 explanatory variables. Explanatory variables were their personal attributes. Other variables were obtained by factor analysis for satisfaction with their work and performance of their duty. According to the analysis, the squared multiple correlation was 0.621, and therapists were more strongly affected by performance of their duty and satisfaction with their work. Particularly, the primary factors for decreasing the negative attitudes included their educational background, and performance in a course of occupational therapy programs. In addition, close teamwork and continuing job studies slightly decreased negative attitudes. A large number of occupational therapists in a psychiatric hospital is a factor in increasing negative attitudes.