介護老人保健施設入所者における継続的な「ぬり絵」活動と作品の変化

Changes in products of coloring activity observed after continuous sessions at a geriatric health service facility

要旨：作業療法場面でよく利用される「ぬり絵」活動を，介護老人保健施設入所者へ継続的に実施し，作品の評価が向上するかを検証した．方法は，「ぬり絵」活動を週1回程度の頻度で10回実施し，導入時と終了時に同じ下絵を用いて，塗る面積，空間関係と色使いについて順序尺度で評価した．面積は有意に増加し，空間関係では有意にはみ出しがなくなり，色使いで有意に推奨色を用いる部分が増え作品の印象が良好になった．作業療法士が，作業環境の調整や塗る作業に関する助言等を各対象者に適切に行うと，「ぬり絵」に対する巧緻動作や耐久性等の作業遂行能力が向上し，動機づけされた活動として継続できることが示唆された．

　The coloring activity is commonly used in an occupational therapy scene for elder people. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes of artworks after participants participated in the coloring activity. The objects included 54 elder people who were staying in a geriatric health service facility and were receiving care. Their Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) at the time of introduction and the end were recorded. The coloring activities were carried out 10 times (about once per week). During the sessions, the occupational therapist adjusted the work environment for the activity and gave appropriate advice and encouragement to participants. The first and the last artworks were evaluated and rank scaled by the following viewpoints : 1) drawn area; 2) space relation (figure-ground discrimination); 3) appropriate use of color. The drawn area was determined automatically by a personal computer from the scanned image of the artworks. HDS-R had increased significantly after finishing the 10 sessions of coloring activity. The drawn area had increased significantly, failures in figure-ground discrimination had decreased, and the number of portions where the appropriate colors were used increased significantly; thus, the impression of the artworks improved. It was suggested that performance and skill of older adults' activities improved when appropriate interventions were provided by the occupational therapist.