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要旨:医学における治療法の確立,普及は医学それ自体の問題であると同時に社会的,文化的な問題でもある.ましてや作業療法の成立は医学的要素以外の社会的背景を抜きにしては考えることができない.ここでは結核治療史上,初めて作業療法の名を冠して行われた昭和初期の東京市療養所の作業療法を,それ以前の慰安や永井,小田部らの作業を取り入れた療法と比較し,医学的検証と退院後の生活適応の促進という社会的効果を目指したという点において,その独自の意義を明らかにした.また当時の療養所における入院希望者の停滞問題の解決と作業療法開始の密接な関連から,作業療法の目的や役割がそれを取り巻く状況と不可分の関わりを持つことを指摘した.
The establishment and popularization of a therapy is based on medicine itself, but at the same time it is also a cultural issue. It is not possible to consider the establishment of occupational therapy or medical rehabilitation without a social background.
Occupational therapy has been developed throughout history, and people have done so whenever society has had a need for it. It is important to look back on the history of occupational therapy when we consider its present roles.
Here, we seek to clarify the historical significance of occupational therapy at a sanatorium in Tokyo in the early Showa era. Occupational therapy was then undertaken for the first time in the history of tuberculosis treatment in comparison with the previous therapy using work from the viewpoint of science and social factors.
Copyright © 2000, Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists. All rights reserved.