作業療法における役割概念

Concepts of roles in occupational therapy

要旨：対象者の役割は作業療法において大きな関心事ではあるが，役割概念が明確に定義されてはいない．本稿では作業療法文献から，役割概念を明らかにしようと試みた．その結果，役割には社会的地位や社会的関係におけるイメージという認識的側面と，役割を果たすために要請される課題や活動という作業的側面があった．作業療法では作業的側面により焦点を当てた議論が展開されていた．役割の評価，役割獲得を目指した作業療法実践例から，今後の役割評価の方法，役割獲得のためのアプローチについても考察した．役割の作業的側面に焦点を当てることによって，意味のある作業の行為者という新しい役割概念を創造することができると思われた．

　The concepts of roles have not been defined clearly, although roles have become a considerable issue in occupational therapy. Concepts of roles in occupational therapy were explored from occupational therapy literature: social aspects, such as images of social positions, and self among social relationships, and the occupational aspects such as tasks and activities for roles. The occupational aspect was focused on and developed in occupational therapy. Role evaluations and interventions for role acquisition in occupational therapy were discussed. New concepts of roles, which include individuals performing the meaningful occupation (s), would be created through focusing on the occupational aspects of roles.