障害をもつ子どもの遊びの実態調査—遊びを育てる指導の検討

The fact-finding of play for children with disabilities : Investigation of a guidance for assistance

要旨：障害をもつ子どもの豊かな生活を援助すべき作業療法士は，障害をもつ子ども達の「遊びにくさ」という問題に積極的に関わる必要がある．本研究は，就学前の障害をもつ子ども203名と健常児66名から得たアンケート結果をもとに，障害をもつ子どもの遊びの経験の実態を調査した．その結果，1．障害をもつ子どもの遊びの経験は健常児より乏しく，個人差が大きい．2．ADL能力が低くなるにしたがって健常児との遊びの経験に差が広がる．3．障害をもつ子どもが経験しやすい遊びと経験することの難しい遊びがある．4．障害をもつ子どもの「遊びにくさ」は遊びの発展過程において明確になる．ということが示された．作業療法士は，上記のことをふまえて遊びを育てる指導を展開することが望まれる．

　The occupational therapists who assist children with disabilities are required to concern themselves with difficulties that these children have during play. In this study, we collected questionnaires from 269 preschool children, including 203 children with disabilities and 66 children without disabilities, to identify experiences that children with disabilities have during play. We have found the following results : 1) The experiences that children with disabilities have during play are less agreeable than that of children without disabilities. In addition these findings differ much according to each child, depending on his/her disability. 2) The more limited a disabled child's ability becomes, the more his/her experiences will differ from those of a child with no disability. 3) There are some activities that children with disabilities can perform easily and other activities that they perform with difficulty. 4) We have identified specific developmental processes which clarify difficulties in the disabled child at play. The occupational therapists are required to organize play activities during treatment, taking these results into consideration.