閉じこもり高齢者が行う作業の季節間比較─作業質問紙を用いた予備的研究─

Comparing occupations among different seasons in the homebound elderly: A preliminary study using the Occupational Questionnaire

要旨：本研究では，閉じこもりと判定された福島県只見町の旧特定高齢者（現；二次予防事業対象者）23名を対象に，作業質問紙を用いて夏と冬の1日の作業や作業の認識（領域，有能感，価値，興味）を調査し，季節間で比較検討した．その結果，①上位11種類のうち，農作業と除雪以外は季節間で変わらない，②作業の件数は冬に減少する，③仕事とADLでは，興味の得点は冬の方が有意に高いことが明らかとなった．本研究より，作業の種類や件数，興味を季節間で検討する際は，地域特性の視点から検討する必要があると思われた．

　The purpose of this study was to compare the seasonal occupations among the homebound elderly. A survey was conducted through personal interviews. Participants were people who were classified as a homebound by national assessment of living functions. Data regarding age, gender, whether living together with their family members or not, daily lifestyle and occupations were gathered using the Occupational Questionnaire. The following three findings were obtained: 1) the occupation was not affected by the change of the season except farming and cleaning the snow, 2) the number of occupations was more in the summer than the winter, and 3) there was higher interest in occupation in the winter than the summer. The results suggest that when considering the number of occupations and interests, occupational therapists should consider regional characteristics.