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要旨
目的:肺結核患者の嚥下機能を詳細に評価した報告は過去にない.嚥下内視鏡検査結果から嚥下障害の重症度および特徴について報告する.
方法:国立病院機構東京病院で活動性肺結核と診断され嚥下内視鏡検査を実施した患者58名(平均年齢85.2)を対象とした.評価は入院後平均23日目に行い,嚥下障害の重症度はFOISで評価した.
結果:対象者の平均BMIは17,平均Albは2.3mg/dLと低栄養状態を認めた.平均Barthel Index 8.6とADLの低下を認めた.嚥下障害の原因となる基礎疾患を有する割合は34%であった.71%が重度の嚥下障害(FOIS 1〜2)を呈しており,中等度群(FOIS>3)と比較して大幅にBarthel Indexが低かった.76%の患者でとろみ水の咽頭残留を認めた.抗結核薬の投与方法は経口が45%から35%に減少し,対象者の45%が死亡していた.
結論:肺結核患者は重度嚥下障害を有する頻度が高い.嚥下機能を踏まえて適切な抗結核薬の投与方法を選択する必要がある.
Purpose:In recent years, the proportion of older people diagnosed with lung tuberculosis is increasing in Japan. There have been no previous reports on detailed evaluation of swallowing function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the severity and characteristics of dysphagia using videoendoscopic evaluation of swallowing (VE) in patients with lung tuberculosis.
Methods:A total of 58 patients (average age, 85.2 years) were selected. They are diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis and underwent VE (performed an average 23 days after admission) at our hospital between January 2017 and March 2020. The severity of dysphagia was assessed using the functional oral intake scale (FOIS).Activities of daily living (ADL) of the patients was evaluated by using Barthel Index (BI).
Results:The average body mass index of the patients was 17 kg/m2, average serum albumin was 2.3 mg/dl, and average BI score was 8.6. Approximately, 71% of the patients showed severe dysphagia (FOIS 1-2), and BI score of the group was significantly lower than that of the moderate group (FOIS>3). We observed residual thickened water in 76% of the patients. Before the VE, 45% patients were administered oral anti-tuberculosis drugs. Only 35% of the patients continued those drugs after VE, and 45% of the patients died in hospital.
Conclusion:The results suggest that patients with pulmonary tuberculosis might have a high frequency of severe dysphagia. Appropriate method of anti-tuberculosis drug administration should be selected based on their swallowing functions.
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