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言語聴覚士は嚥下機能に関する評価・訓練を業とすることができる.摂食・嚥下リハビリテーション(以下嚥下リハ)とは,単に嚥下機能の改善を目指すだけでなく,人的・物的環境を調整し,機能の範囲内で最大限安全かつ質の高い摂食・嚥下状態を定着させようという営みである.そこには多数の要素が関与しており,多職種による密接なチーム・アプローチが必要になってくる.
「嚥下チームの立ち上げ」とは,施設内の嚥下障害患者にかかわるすべての職種と情報を共有し,各職種の特性を生かした活動とその有機的結合を得ようとすることであり,「一斉スタート型」と「巻き込み型」の2つの方法があると考える.本稿では一公立総合病院での「巻き込み型」嚥下チーム立ち上げの過程を,病院の機能的特徴と職種間連携を通して述べる.巻き込み型嚥下チームの立ち上げには,他職種に嚥下リハの有効性と面白さを伝えるという嚥下リハのキャンペーン的側面がある.
Under licensing law, speech-language-hearing therapists (SLHTs) are qualified to assess and treat dysphagia with doctors' approval. Dysphagia rehabilitation aims not only to aid recovery from swallowing dysfunction, but also to support the safest and highest-quality oral feeding possible within the limits of patients' swallowing function. Achieving these goals requires adapted meal environments with multidisciplinary management.
In developing a multidisciplinary dysphagia program, we need to fully share information about each dysphagic patient and bring together the expertise of all team members in an organic manner. I believe there are two types of program development:"simultaneous start" and "successive involvement." I shall describe my experience with the latter type in a public general hospital, where I involved doctors, nurses, radiologists, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and SLHTs in our dysphagia program before they were even aware of it. I have striven to show how interesting and effective dysphagia rehabilitation is. In a sense, involving other professionals in a dysphagia program is analogous to campaigning for dysphagia rehabilitation.
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