病院の外科病棟に勤務する看護師の役割認知とそれに関わる体験

Role Recognition and Experience of Japanese Nurses Who Work in a Surgical Ward

　本研究は大都市病院の外科病棟に勤務している看護師を対象とし，彼らの役割認知とそれに関わる体験を帰納的に探求することを目的とした。対象者は女性看護師11名で平均年齢は29歳であった。データは半構成的面接により収集した。その結果，看護師たちは認知した役割に関連して，感情に反した表情のコントロール，患者のニーズを満たすために担う曖昧な役割，患者の自立を促す関わりのなかでの葛藤，診療の補助業務で生じる医師への従属，状況への対応への尽力などを体験していた。これらの結果から看護師は，多様な役割認知をしつつ状況および患者や医師との関係に応じた対応をする一方，その状況をコントロールできないために役割遂行の達成感を得られていないことが示唆された。一方で看護師自身の裁量で意思決定できる領域では，看護師は達成感を得られることが明らかになり，看護師の判断や意思決定を活かすような環境づくりが重要であると示唆された。

　The purpose of this study is to explore the role recognition and experience of nurses who work in the surgical ward of a city hospital. The subjects were 11 female nurses，with an average age of 29. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. As a result，nurses' experience about role recognition was summarized as follows：control of expression when they personally feel the opposite；ambiguous role in meeting patient needs；conflict when encouraging patient independence；reliance on doctor in providing treatment assistance；and trying their best to cope with the situation. These results suggested that, while nurses deal with doctors' and patients' relationships with a multiple and ambiguous role recognition in various situations, on the other hand, because of their inability to control the situation, they are unable to feel a genuine sense of achievement as a nurse. Nevertheless, their decision-making based on their own discretion in their area of competence clearly gives them a sense of achievement. It was thus suggested that it is important to create an environment that makes the most of their decision-making and nurse's judgment.