ヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)DNA検査―Hybrid Capture®法，PCR法の特徴

HPV-DNA tests available in Japan

HPV-DNA検査は大きくhybridization法と遺伝子増幅法とに分けられる．13タイプの高リスク型HPV(HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68型)を一括して検出する検査法として，hybridization法をベースにした第2世代Hybrid Capture^®2(HC-2)法とPCR法をベースにしたアンプリコア^®HPV検査がある．HPV型を判定するHPV genotyping法には遺伝子増幅法のPCR法とLAMP法が用いられている．HPV検査は，使用目的とその限界をよく理解したうえで用いるべきである．

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types were classified with genome sequence homology, and more than 189 HPV types were identified.　Thus, the presence of HPV infection is able to be detected by DNA testing.　Two HPV-DNA tests called Hybrid capture, generation 2 (HC-2) and Amplicore HPV are commonly used for cervical cancer screening.　The former test is based on the hybridization method, and the latter is based on the polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) method.　Both tests show positive if either of 13 high-risk HPV types including HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68 are detected.　On the other hand, HPV genotyping tests available in Japan are the PCR-based, and the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based methods.　It is important to know the merits and demerits of each HPV test in clinical settings, since inappropriate use of the HPV-test may lead to miss-diagnosis and over-treatment.