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ビタミンD代謝異常を示す疾患は様々であり,血中には多くのビタミンD代謝物が存在するが,25(OH)Dと1α,25(OH)2Dの2つを測定すれば,ほとんどのビタミンD代謝異常症の病態解析が可能である.25(OH)Dはビタミン充足状態,1α,25(OH)2DはビタミンDの活性化状態を表す.ビタミンD欠乏はくる病/骨軟化症の原因となるが,25(OH)Dが従来の基準値内であっても低めの場合はビタミンD不足と呼ばれ,骨だけでなく多臓器(心血管,糖尿病,癌など)にも悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある.
There are many disorders of vitamin D metabolism. A host of vitamin D metabolites can be found in human circulation. However, it is clinically sufficient to measure two forms of vitamin D metabolites, 25(OH)D and 1α, 25(OH)2D, to asses disorders of vitamin D metabolism. In general, serum 25(OH)D level reflects vitamin D status whereas 1α, 25(OH)2D level reflects activity of proximal tubular 1αhydroxylase that converts 25(OH)D to 1α, 25(OH)2D. Among various disorders of vitamin D metabolism, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are most common. The former could cause rickets/osteomalacia, while the latter could not only harm bone health but also may be related to various disorders, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.
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