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脂肪細胞は,筋細胞や骨芽細胞と同じく中胚葉多能性幹細胞から発生,分化すると考えられている.脂肪分化の過程は,初代培養細胞系や株化培養細胞系(例,3T3-L1細胞)を用いて詳細な研究が行われており,各過程に影響する因子やその作用機構に関して多くの知見が集積しつつある.脂肪細胞の分化過程は,段階的な細胞内での脂肪滴の蓄積として観察されるが,その現象の進行のためには脂肪細胞特異的遺伝子群の発現が必須である.この特異的遺伝子群の発現をコントロールするのが各種の転写因子である.本稿は,脂肪細胞分化の遺伝子発現に関する分子生物学的な知見を概説する.
Adipocytes as well as myocytes and osteoblasts are considered to be derived and differentiated from mesodermal pluripotent stem cells. The process of adipocyte differentiation was examined intensively using primary cultures and cell lines such as 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which clarified the molecules involved in the process and their molecular mechanisms (Figure 1). During the process of adipocyte differentiation, various transcription factors coordinately regulate the expression of tissue-specific genes, which cause fat accumulation in the cell. In this review, we will overview the molecular biology of gene regulation in adipocyte differentiation.
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