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抗体はB細胞から産生され,獲得免疫系の液性免疫では中心的な役割をもつ分子である.抗体の存在や抗体量を測定する抗体検査は,感受性調査,感染症の診断,ワクチンの有効性の検証などに用いられ,感染症対策に重要な役割を担っている.しかし,特に感染症の診断においては,測定法,検体の採取時期などから測定結果が必ずしも正しい診断につながらないことがある.本稿は抗体の概要を含めて,ウイルス感染症における抗体測定の意義,問題点などについて概説する.
Antibodies, which are produced from B cells, contribute to humeral immunity, widely. Antibody check and measurement of antibody titer are used for investigation of immunological status of person or a group, diagnosis for infectious diseases as well as surrogate maker at clinical trial for vaccine development, and provide important information against infectious diseases. But the results obtain from the antibody test of various methods are sometimes diverse and happens to lead to wrong diagnosis. In this article, I give an outline about significance and problem of antibody check against viral infectious diseases.
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