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緒言
メニエル病に対する超音波治療(ultrasonic treatment)は1953年,Amsterdamにおける国際学会にてArslanにより報告されてから欧米において広く行なわれ,そのすぐれた成果はArslan(1958,1961,1962)を初めとし,Lumsden(1958),Angel James(1960,1962),Ariagno(1960),Altmann and Waltner(1961),Sjöberg(1963)その他の人々により次々と報告されている。1965年,東京における国際学会においてもPlenary sessionとしてultrasonic treatmentが取り上げられ,Arslan,Sjöbergにより多数の症例における成績が述べられ,メニエル病に対するultrasonic treatmentの有効性は広く認められたものとなつた。
従来,メニエル病に対する手術には,脳外科手術としてはDandy手術,耳科学的破壊手術(destructive treatment)としてはCawthorneの膜様迷路摘出術(1943),Wrightの前庭窓よりのalcohol注射(1938),Dayのelectrocoagulation(1946),保存的外科手術(conservative surgical treatment)としてはPortmannの内リンパ嚢開放術(1926),Passeのsympathectomy(1651)等が行なわれてきたが,超音波治療はこれ等の方法に較べ優れた点が少なくない。すなわちDandyの手術のごとく頭蓋内に侵入することなく耳科的手術で容易に前庭三半規管のみ破壊することができる。また,耳科的破壊手術のごとく聴力を犠牲にしなくて良い。また,保存的手術に較べ効果の確実性が期待しえる。
In 8 cases of Ménière's disease and 1 case complaining of vertigo following tympanoplasty, ultrasonic operation according to Arslan was carried out. Before and after the operation a careful vestibular examination, using tests related to the labyrinthine righting reflex, tests related to labyrinthine deviation and tests related to experimental nystagmus, was performed. The results were as follows.:
1. All patients were relieved from attack of vertigo after the operation.
2. After the ultrasonic irradiation the caloric excitability was eliminated in all cases.
3. Vertigo caused by ultrasonic destruction of the labyrinth disappeared in about a week after the operation.
4. The disturbance of balancing activity caused by ultrasonic destruction of the labyrinth continued for 6 to 12 months.
5. For a period of about 1 month after the operation the patients felt insecure in ascending and descending the stairway and a loss of balance with movement of the head. These symptoms gradually disappeared within 3 to 6 months and the patients had no ambulatory difficulty except in darkness at night.
6. Three cases out of the 9 developed facial paralysis after the operation but these symptoms also appeared to be transitory and they all disappeared in a due course of time.
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